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American Sign Language:  Notes on signing

 

Various notes and feedback on signing that I have passed on to various students:

RECENTLY:  Uses an "X" handshape, pointing backwards. The handshape extends and flexes the index finger a couple times.

 
MILK: uses only one hand.  Opens and closes from a "C" into an "S" twice. Doesn't move up and down.

NUMBERS 1 - 9 do not twist.

 
MAKE: Uses "S" handshapes

DEAF: Uses an index finger not a "D" handshape.  If you use a "D" handshape it means "Dorm."

 
SEE-her: can be done with one hand, palm back, moving toward the right.
 
WHICH uses "A" handshapes.
 
HAIR:  Uses an "open F" handshape that closes into a normal "F" handshape.
 
BATHROOM:  Uses a "T" handshape that twists or shakes. Note this sign doesn't need a separate sign for "room."  It is understood without a separate sign.
 
HIM/HER:  uses only one hand
 
SEPARATED: Uses "loose C" hands or "Curved hands" that change to "A" hands.  If you use a "D" handshape it means "Divorce."
 
TELL:  Uses an index finger that starts palm back with the pad touching the chin and then the hand is moved so that the tip of the index finger moves forward and down in an arc.
 
TELL-me: starts with and Index finger held about four inches in front of the chin and then moves in and grazes the chin with the tip of the index finger.  The tip of the finger continues moving until it makes contact with the chest.
 
FEEL:  is done in the middle or a bit to the dominant side of the chest, (not on the belly).
 
NUMBERS 16 - 19: When signing the numbers 16 - 19 some people use the "ten+six, ten+seven, ten+eight, and ten+nine" versions.  This is okay.  It is simply one more variation.  But note that the initial "10" loses its internal movement and becomes simply an "A" handshape, pinkie-side down and then uses a single twist as it changes to a 6, 7, 8, or 9.
 
ALWAYS:  This sign sometimes is done by drawing a circle in the air and then moving the hand forward in a "Y" handshape.  The "Y" handshape is not necessary.  It isn't wrong, but it isn't "needed" either.  You can do the sign for always by just circling and index finger (pointing up)  in the air.
 
HAVE:  Uses "bent-b" handshapes that touch the chest.
 
EQUAL, the palms are each facing in, not down.  The tips of the fingers come together.
 
HARD: uses a single striking motion onto the back or side of the non-dominant "S" or "bent V" hand.

BOOK:  The sign for BOOK tends to have a double "opening" movement. The sign for open-a-BOOK tends to have a single movement.
COLD: The movement is both out to the sides then both in toward the middle, repeated.  (Not up and down. We don't want this sign to look like CAR or DRIVE.)
COLOR-"What_Color?": When asking what color something is, furrow your eyebrows.
DEAF: The sign Deaf uses an "index" finger handshape. (Not an "L" handshape, nor a "D" handshape.)
E:  Use the "closed" form of the letter "E." It looks more natural than the open form.
LIVE:  Use "A" handshapes instead of "S" handshapes.
MEET-you:  Do not touch the tips of the index fingers. Use "index finger handshapes - not "D" handshapes.
NUMBERING:  It is not "wrong" to do numbers 1 through 5 palm forward but I encourage you to do them palm back (when done in isolation) since some teachers are particular about wanting numbers 1 through 5 palm back (when done as isolated numbers).
RESTLESS-sitting/ANXIOUS: The base hand extends the index and middle fingers. (Two fingers, not just one.)
TEACHER:  Do not use a grabbing movement. Just position your hands near your forehead in squashed "O" shapes. Do not actually touch your head. This sign is often started much lower.
THANK-YOU: The sign doesn't use the base hand. If you use the base hand it may be confused with "GOOD."
W:  Do the letter "W" palm forward.
WEATHER:  The palm orientation for the initialized version of "WEATHER is palm forward (and maybe a little bit palm down-but mostly palm forward).
WHEN:  The sign for when tends to use a clockwise movement.

TOILET: The default interpretation of the "BATHROOM" sign is "bathroom" rather than "toilet."  It is true that this sign means both concepts but for everyday interpretation we interpret it as "bathroom."
THEM:  The concept of "them" is expressed via a short sweeping movement.  If you use a jab it generally means "he, she, or it." (Since you jab at a singular place in the air.)
COLOR: When you sign color with furrowed eyebrows, it is generally interpreted as "what color?"
CLASS: The sign CLASS is held a bit higher up than "HOW." The sign CLASS uses more of a horizontal circular movement. The sign HOW uses more of a forward rolling movement.  The hands in CLASS tend to separate out as they trace the perimeter of a circle.  The hands in HOW tend to stay together, touching at the knuckles as they roll forward.
TONIGHT:  The sign "TONIGHT" uses a combination of NOW and EVENING.

 

100:  Do the number 100 with more of a "C" shape after the "1" not an "E" handshape.
FAVORITE: When signing favorite, use a jabbing motion not a brushing motion.
LIVE:  While the "L" version is "okay," the "A" version is considered "more ASL."
BATHROOM:  The "T" sign is sufficient to mean "bathroom."  You don't need to add the BOX sign after the "T" sign to indicate "room."   Some signs such as "BEDROOM" do use the BOX sign (in combination with BED), but BATHROOM just shakes the "T" and doesn't add the BOX sign.
UPSTAIRS:  The sign UPSTAIRS uses two quick jabbing movements of the index finger. The location (place in space where you do the sign) is generally no higher than your head.  If you just do a single movement it would mean "up" but not upstairs.
CAT:  The sign cat starts with an open "F" or "8" handshape and then closes the "F" or "8" handshape as you slide the hand an inch to the side, and repeat movement. Do not "rub" the fingertips together.
PEOPLE: Either have the palms pointing downward or forward but not inward. (The middle finger of each hand points downward or forward but not toward the other hand.)  Some people circle the hands backwards, some circle the hands forwards, do it however you see your instructor or local Deaf do it.
GO:  The sign GO uses index fingers (not flat hands).
COLLEGE:  The sign COLLEGE starts with the palms together and then rotates the top hand up and away from the bottom hand.
NEIGHBOR: This sign has several variations. For clarity you should add the PERSON (non-initialized) sign to it to distinguish the sign from the sign NEAR.

THINK: Feedback: The general basic sign "THINK" uses a single index finger. The sign "KNOW" uses the fingertips of a bent hand. (A bent hand is like a "b-hand" (thumb alongside, not tucked under) that is bent at the large knuckles (bent, not curved).

E: Make sure you do your "E's" with the fingertips touching thumb. This is a "closed E." If you do an "open E" it is like announcing "Hey I'm a HEARING PERSON and I don't know how to sign!!!"
LIVE: I recommend you avoid excessive initialization. If your local instructor or friend insists you do "LIVE" with an "L" there is no need to argue, just do it the way the locals do it, but keep in the back of your mind that the more you initialize signs, the more it looks like you are signing English and not ASL.
FINGERSPELLING: "Double letters" For example: Suppose you are spelling the name "Debbie." The double letters "BB" in Debbie would look better if you used a small slide rather than showing each individual letter. It depends on the "letter" involved. For example, for the name "Jennifer," I tend to reform the "N" letters rather than slide them.
TEACHER: The sign TEACHER tends to use only one forward movement in the "TEACH" portion of the sign followed by the downward (person) movement. This is a compound sign and thus internal movement is dropped.
FUTURE/WILL: The sign FUTURE doesn't touch the head.
DO-("What do?") The "what-DO?" sign doesn't need to be followed by the "WHAT" sign. That is redundant. The what-DO sign already includes the meaning of "what."
Rhetorical-WHERE: When asking a rhetorical question such as "I work where?" You actually raise the eyebrows instead of lowering them. That is because such a rhetorical question really means: "Do you want to know where I work?" That is a yes or no question and thus should have eyebrows up not down. If you were really asking someone where they work, then yes, of course you would furrow your eyebrows, but when asking a "rhetorical question" you are expecting the other person to actually respond and tell you where you work. Rather you are hoping they will lean forward and pay attention.
FOOD: The sign "FOOD" uses the same contact location each time. (It doesn't actually have to make contact either.) If you change the contact point you could end up looking like you are signing a "low" version of "FLOWER." So, do the sign FOOD at the center of your mouth for both movements.
ANIMAL: Each hand in the sign ANIMAL pivots in toward the other hand and then out toward your sides, then repeats. It doesn't pivot up and down.
GOAL: Slightly elevate the non-dominant hand. Then move the dominant hand toward it in a firm movement but don't actually touch the non-dominant hand.
[Note: you did it right the second time. I like how you differentiated "long term" by doing the larger movement. Good job!]
CHAIRS: The direction of the fingers indicates the direction of the chair. So be careful about sticking your chairs facing the WALL. I suppose that is okay if they are looking out the windows.
HANGERS: If you are referring to hanging up clothing, make sure to elevate the "hanging up clothes" sign a bit.
RIGHT-side: If something is on your right and you are "right hand dominant" then you will want to turn the thumbside down and pat toward the right with your palm facing right. (It is a bit of an awkward sign) but the point is the palm-side of your hand indicates which side the referent is on. So if it is on your right and you are right handed you are going to have to twist your hand till the thumb is down and then pat toward the right.
STORE: Do the sign store in the neutral area in front of your chest and/or stomach. Don’t hold the sign at "head level" or it will look odd.
 

MEET: "Did you meet…?" When doing a "Did you meet…?" type question, your eyebrows should be up (since it is a yes or no question).  Also the dominant hand moves toward the stationary non-dominant hand. The non-dominant hand should be off to the side a bit to indicate a third-person pronoun/classifier.
HE/SHE/HIM/HER: When indexing an absent person it is best to default to your dominant side (rather than pointing across your signing space).
WATCH: When referring to watching something in a casual manner, use the bent-L handshape  version of this sign. See: http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/pages-signs/06/you-finish-watch-titanic.html
THIS:  When referring to "this room" you would simply point downward prior to signing ROOM.  When signing "this afternoon" use the "NOW" sign with the sign AFTERNOON. 
BATHROOM: Use the T-handshape version of the sign "BATHROOM." If you sign BATH-ROOM (the sign BATH followed by the sign ROOM) it would mean "bathing room."
CANDY: While some people sign "SUGAR" or "SWEET" to mean "candy," it is important to know the standard "CANDY" sign that twists an index finger on the cheek. That way you could sign, "CANDY SWEET, WHY? SUGAR!"
COMPUTER: When doing the version of this sign that is on the wrist or forearm, make sure to use a slight circular movement not a back and forth a sliding movement.
23: Make sure you are familiar with the "fluttering middle finger" version of the sign "23."
25:  Make sure you are familiar with the fluttering middle finger version of the sign "25."
16-19: Make sure you are familiar with the double twist version of these signs.
FINISH: This sign uses the "5-handshape" on each hand (fingers spread).
E: When you do the letter "E" make sure you used the "closed" version rather than the open version.  The closed version (fingertips resting on side of thumb) is better accepted in the Deaf Community.